Computation of the Negative Area Values
==============================================

The following Net Area calculations are performed:

Given:
--------

* :math:`A_g` = Gross Cross Section Area 
* :math:`A_f` = Area of fastener holes
* :math:`A_h` = Area of hand holes

For Tension Capacity Calculations:
----------------------------------------

Compute Net Area (:math:`A_n`)

.. math::

    A_n = A_g - A_h - (A_g - A_h)*{ f}

Compute factor for negative area in excess of 15% of gross area:

.. math::

    { f} = \frac{A_f}{A_g - A_h} - 0.15      \ge 0.0

Compute Net Area Bar (:math:`A_{nb}`)

.. math::

    A_{nb} = A_g - A_h - A_f


For Compression Capacity Calculations:
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Compute Gross Effective Area:

.. math::

    A_{ge} = A_g - A_h

**Reference**: AASHTO Table 10.32.1A(i)